Examples of Block diagram
Formula in controller principle :-
- Controller output in % = current output - minimum output x 100 %
maximum output - minimum output
- Measured value in % = mv - minimum mv x 100 %
max mv - min mv
- Set point % = SP - min value x 100 %
max value - min value
- Error % = SP - MV X 100 % max value - min value
ON-OFF CONTROL
* The controller output swing betwwen 0% and 100% but an additional hysteresis element (neutral zone)
Formula
- Positive error band = max permissible positive error x 100 %
temp. range
- Negative error band = max permissible negative error x 100 %
temp range
- Proportional Band = 100
proportional gain (KP)
- Controller output, P = Kp Ep + P(0)
- Proportional controller , E = SP - MV , P(t) = Kp Ep + P(0)
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